Supavee Sirinkraporn
Department of Jewelry Design, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
pearvee@yahoo.com
Supavee Sirinkraporn has been a full-time lecturer in the Department of Jewelry Design at Silpakorn University, Bangkok, since 1996, and is now an associate professor. Her first degree was in ceramics (Silpakorn University). She then studied at Central Saint Martins in England and earned her Master of Arts from the Royal College of Art (1999). She earned her Doctor of Philosophy from BIAD (2004); her dissertation was titled “Jewellery Making as an Aid to Communicating with Deaf Children in Thailand.”
Death in Thai society and memento mori jewelry
This narrative review explores the cultural roles and crises regarding the concept of death in Thai society. It examines historical jewelry and extrapolates its significance to contemporary wearers. It broadens knowledge and fosters creative thinking in design, with a specific focus on aesthetics that expresses the value of cultural heritage and the concept of mortality. By exploring the historical and spiritual connections between humans and their adornments, this study illuminates the profound relationship between jewelry, rituals, and the cultural practices associated with death. The findings contribute to the intellectual and spiritual growth of individuals and emphasize the resilience and fortitude required to navigate the impermanence of life. The stated significance of jewelry aesthetics enhances the knowledge of cultural heritage and equips individuals in contemporary Thailand to adapt to the evolving global landscape. It serves as a foundation for personal and societal growth, promotes compassion, and fosters people’ self-spiritual development.
Keywords: Memento mori jewelry, cultural role, crisis of meaning, Thai society, impermanence
As a widely cherished cultural heritage item, jewelry holds significant cultural and symbolic value and represents spirituality, art, wisdom, craftsmanship, and a meticulous selection of materials. It offers insights into the different ways of living, serves as personal adornment, and plays a role in cultural rituals (Phillips, 1996). This study focuses on fostering intellectual and spiritual growth through the decryption of the ancient fading technique of granulation. It also highlights jewelry’s profound connection to the human spirit, environment, and the transient nature of material possessions. Through contemporary jewelry, the study aims to expand the knowledge, research, and creative thinking in the field of art by conveying the cultural significance and concept of death. Additionally, the findings of this study contribute to the fortification of cultural values and enhance individuals’ protection and preparedness in the face of an ever-changing world.
While death may not be consciously acknowledged or given significance in Thai society, rapid global transformations across various domains such as science, technology, research, innovation, medicine, and public health have led to a decline in mortality rates. Many diseases and life-threatening conditions can now be treated, and a forward-looking perspective has emerged. Consequently, death has become distant from human experience.
A reflection on the rich cultural heritage of humanity reveals that the significance given to death is an inherent and essential tradition in human life (Heidegger, 1962). This recognition is observed through self-actualization, explanatory patterns, myths, beliefs, practices, attitudes, and other elements associated with the journey. Together, these cultural aspects form a “death culture.” Death is an undeniable reality that every human being inevitably experiences. Despite efforts to accumulate wealth and develop treatments for longevity, life remains impermanent. Consequently, death profoundly influences the ultimate purpose of life and shapes humanity’s way of living.
Given the inherent impossibility of evading death, human pursuits of knowledge, theories, arts, inventions, and the myriad artistic expressions crafted to complement or bear witness to rituals linked with mortality help dignify and beautify this journey. Prominent examples of such artistic expressions are the pyramids of Egypt (Wilkinson, 2008), the Taj Mahal in India (Lahauri, 1867–1868), and the Terracotta Army in the People’s Republic of China (Portal, 2007). They illustrate that the meaning of death is not only culturally diverse, but also subject to changes influenced by social context and history. Death-related practices play a significant role in the cultural systems of all nations; therefore, learning about the cultural aspects of death in each society fosters a sense of mutual understanding within multicultural societies composed of diverse ethnic groups. This approach accumulates the knowledge and wisdom developed by societies and how they cope with the loss, separation, and preservation of cherished possessions, including jewelry.
Much like cultural heritage, jewelry stands as a precious artifact that represents the enduring tradition of the adornment and embellishment of the human body throughout history. Ancient artifacts dating back to prehistoric times provide evidence that enables modern humans to appreciate the aesthetic value and wisdom ingrained within objects that cater to their physical and spiritual needs (Scarisbrick, 1993). Furthermore, the craftsmanship involved in creating intricate works of art using ancient techniques from different eras reflects the intentions, attitudes, and behaviors associated with using objects to satisfy both the physical and spiritual yearnings of humanity. Adornment also manifests intricate nuances and a profound connection between individuals and values that hold significance for their inner selves, particularly within ceremonial contexts.
Cultural roles and objects associated with spirituality
Adornments intertwined with the cultural dimensions of death manifest in diverse ways. An instance of this can be observed in the adornments found in European countries between the 14th and 17th centuries, referred to as “memento mori,” which was derived from the Latin phrase, “Remember, you will die” (Oxford English Dictionary, 2001). This phrase served as a reminder of the inevitability of death. During the Roman era, it was used to caution soldiers before battle, reminding them to be mindful of their mortality and that everything was transient. The inscription often includes the phrase “hora fugit” or “the hour flees (time flies),” accompanied by carvings symbolizing death, such as skulls, hourglasses or a funerary hearse drawn by oxen, adorned by fully armed figures. The two-tiered tomb showcases the upper tier, which portrays the tomb’s owner adorned with prestigious regalia, whereas the lower tier portrays three men clad in animal skins facing soulless bodies that launch a sudden assault upon them—all enigmatic artistic expressions that serve as mourning rituals and provide guidance for individuals (Koudounaris, 2015).
The use of symbols, letters, and mottos to embellish jewelry and accessories has been widely adopted and popularized in the United States since the late 17th century (Jewelry, n.d.). In the Eastern Hemisphere, Chinese burial customs involve burying valuable possessions underground within tombs to ensure that the deceased are provided for. Burning material possessions and causing smoke to rise to the heavens symbolizes a sincere offering and concern from the living toward the deceased (Hays, n.d.). In Thailand, death holds great importance within the Lanna culture, where the passing of an individual is considered a societal crisis (Chaiwong, 2020). The community follows a detailed process and ritualistic ceremonies influenced by Buddhist and animistic beliefs that revolve around reverence and an intricate understanding of the spirits. This belief system is reflected in the construction of funeral pyres, where the remains of the deceased are placed for cremation.
Another example is the burial custom in the northeastern region of Thailand, dating back to prehistoric times and continuing into the early historical period. Archaeological evidence reveals the presence of burial rituals involving two distinct burial practices (Zeitoun et al., 2013). The first method entails placing the body in a supine position and burying it in an earthen vessel. The second comprises collecting and storing bones in a separate earthen vessel. These examples underscore the interwoven nature of beliefs concerning the afterlife and the obligation to prepare spiritually symbolic items to commemorate the life, accomplishments, and reverence for the deceased. Adornments and objects associated with post-death ceremonies often take specific forms that cater to the psychological needs of individuals based on the societal norms of each culture. From ancient times when bodies were left exposed to the elements, soil, or water for decomposition, the more contemporary practice of interring bodies in a kneeling position has paved the way for the evolution of coffin burials, accompanied by successive ceremonial enhancements (Shoocongdej, 2007). Beyond burials, individuals from diverse cultures transport an array of objects into the afterlife; these objects include treasures, gold and silver, tools, food, clothing, and ornaments. Other times, individuals relinquish all possessions and allow their ashes to mingle with the sacred river’s current. However, regardless of culture, post-death rituals and practices follow social frameworks and become the responsibility of those who remain; they are performed with the firm belief that they benefit both the living and the dead.
Modern society is beginning to grapple with the “crisis of meaning in death” owing to the changing landscape of the 21st century, which has impacted the population’s way of life. This shift has prompted a new sociological perspective on death. It is evident that individuals today understand illnesses or deaths through the lenses of religion and medicine. With the advancement of technology and the modernization of society, there has been a distortion in the relationship between humans and the natural world and the construction of obstacles to the meaning of life. Consequently, death can be disregarded and overlooked, which leads to apathy, randomness, and unpreparedness when confronted with it. Furthermore, humans are confident in their ability to negotiate the final phase of life. This evolving viewpoint has rendered individuals in the 21st century less acquainted with the conceptual processes, language skills, practical methods, and mental training needed to discuss the concept of death, especially when considering solitary deaths—an issue currently confronted by Thailand.
Designing tools or mechanisms to facilitate societal and cultural adaptations to changing conditions is crucial. One of these frameworks is the concept of “adornment,” which represents the wisdom of communities in the rejuvenation of mindfulness and promotes the value of life and has served as social and cultural assets since ancient times. Adornment can be used as a framework for creative methods with visual potential. The project “Memento mori: cultural roles and the crisis of meaning in contemporary Thai society” aims to cultivate comprehension and nurture a mindful outlook as a reminder of the transient nature of human existence. It also seeks to raise awareness that death is an integral part of the natural cycle and to help people realize that life in this realm is not of ultimate significance, but rather a temporary state and a small part of a vast, eternal cycle. The cultural significance of death extends beyond an individual’s physical body, possessions, and reputation, for these things lack permanence and cannot be carried into death. However, a culture that values death recognizes its impact on the soul, and its importance surpasses that of the physical body, possessions, and reputation of the deceased. The virtuous state of the soul can influence future lives, with the dimension of the mind carrying paramount importance as it surpasses the mundane realm of the living. This significance extends beyond the ordinary course of life and holds relevance even in the face of death. Akin to physical medication, aiding terminal patients in maintaining a serene and benevolent state of mind does not obstruct the fostering of tranquil minds.
Figure 1. Dance of death: replica of 15th-century fresco (National Gallery of Slovenia, 2022)
Figure 2. Medieval tombstone with carved skull in marble memento mori sign (Sirinkraporn, 2023b)
Historical evolution of memento mori jewelry
Memento mori jewelry has a rich and diverse history that spans different cultures and periods. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development and evolution of memento mori jewelry, and explores its symbolism, cultural significance, and the materials used. Additionally, it examines how religious beliefs, societal norms, and artistic expressions have influenced the evolution of such jewelry.
Throughout various cultures, memento mori jewelry has served as a tangible reminder of the transitory nature of life and the inevitability of death. The Latin phrase “memento mori” has been the central theme in the creation of such jewelry. From ancient civilization to the present day, memento mori jewelry has offered individuals a visual representation of mortality, urging them to embrace the fleeting nature of their existence.
Memento mori jewelry took various forms and employed diverse materials in different historical periods. In ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Rome, pieces of jewelry featuring symbols of death such as skulls, hourglasses, and depictions of funerary rites were created to serve as reminders of mortality. These objects were often made using precious materials such as gold, silver, and gemstones, reflecting the cultural values associated with death and the afterlife.
Religious beliefs have also played a significant role in shaping the symbolism and cultural significance of memento mori jewelry. For example, Christian iconography heavily influenced the design of memento mori jewelry during the Middle Ages and Renaissance in Europe. Crosses, crucifixes, and representations of saints were incorporated into these adornments as symbols of faith and reminders of the afterlife. Pieces of jewelry are often crafted using materials such as ivory, bone, or precious metals, which add to their spiritual and symbolic value.
Parmar (2008) said that societal norms and artistic expressions have further influenced the evolution of memento mori jewelry. In the 17th and 18th centuries, such jewelry gained popularity in Europe and the United States, particularly for mourning rituals. These pieces were often worn to commemorate the loss of a loved one and featured intricate designs incorporating symbols of grief and remembrance. Black jets, onyx, and hairwork have become popular materials for mourning jewelry as they reflected the somber nature of the occasion.
Artistic expressions in memento mori jewelry vary across periods and cultures. In the Victorian era, sentimental and intricate designs such as lockets containing a lock of hair or miniature portraits of the deceased became prevalent. These pieces were crafted with meticulous detail that reflected the sentimental values attached to the memories of the departed.
As time progressed, artistic interpretations of memento mori jewelry evolved, reflecting the changing cultural and societal attitudes toward death. Contemporary memento mori jewelry artists continue to draw inspiration from historical traditions by infusing unique styles and materials. This fusion of traditional symbolism with modern aesthetics allows the exploration of new narratives surrounding mortality and serves as a means of personal expression and cultural reflection. Hence, the historical evolution of memento mori jewelry showcases its significance and enduring appeal across different cultures and periods. From ancient civilizations to contemporary artists, memento mori jewelry continues to provide a tangible reminder of the transience of life and the universal inevitability of death. By exploring the symbolism, materials, and cultural significance associated with memento mori jewelry, we gain insight into how religious beliefs, societal norms, and artistic expressions have shaped this form of adornment throughout history. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of the profound relationship between jewelry, rituals, and cultural practices associated with death, as discussed in the broader context of this article.
Figure 3 (Left). Memento mori pendant (Victoria Albert Museum, 2000)
Figure 4 (Right). Memento mori mourning ring (Victoria Albert Museum, 2006)
Death in Thai society
To deepen our understanding of the cultural context surrounding memento mori jewelry, it is crucial to explore specific cultural perspectives on death in Thai society. This section examines the evolution of beliefs, rituals, and practices surrounding death in Thailand to shed light on how they shape individuals’ attitudes toward and perceptions of mortality. Insights from anthropological, sociological, and religious studies have provided a comprehensive understanding of cultural contexts.
In Thai society, death is viewed as a significant event with profound implications for both the deceased and their family members. Beliefs surrounding death in Thailand have evolved over time and are influenced by a blend of religious, cultural, and spiritual traditions. Buddhism, the predominant religion in Thailand, plays a central role in shaping Thai attitudes toward death. Buddhist teachings emphasize the impermanence of life and the cycle of rebirth, thereby encouraging individuals to reflect on the transient nature of their existence. The Lanna culture, which is prevalent in northern Thailand, has a unique set of funeral rituals that revolve around the reverence and intricate understanding of spirits. They guide the deceased in their afterlife and ensure their spiritual well-being. The construction of elaborate funeral pyres, upon which the remains of the deceased are placed for cremation, symbolizes the journey toward the next realm (Teeraputtigunchai & Kaewthep, 2010).
Thai funeral customs have evolved to incorporate modern elements while preserving traditional practices. Contemporary funeral ceremonies may blend Buddhist rituals with personalized touches that reflect an individual’s life and interests. These ceremonies serve as a means for the community to support and express respect for the grieving family, fostering a sense of communal unity and shared responsibility. Thai society’s cultural perspective on death extends to the commemoration of its ancestors. Ancestor worship is an integral part of Thai culture, with families paying homage to deceased relatives at ancestral altars and annual ceremonies. These practices reinforce the interconnectedness between the living and deceased, thus emphasizing the continuation of familial bonds and the importance of honoring one’s lineage.
By exploring cultural perspectives on death in Thai society, we gain valuable insights into how beliefs, rituals, and practices shape individuals’ attitudes toward and perceptions of mortality. The cultural context of death in Thailand, with its blend of Buddhist, animistic, and traditional beliefs, provides a rich tapestry to understand the profound relationship between life and death. This understanding enhances our appreciation of memento mori jewelry as a means of cultural expression, commemoration, and contemplation during the contemporary Thai era.
The evolution of cultural perspectives on death in Thai society
Understanding the cultural perspectives on death in Thai society provides valuable insights into the beliefs, rituals, and practices surrounding mortality. This section delves deeper into the cultural context by examining the evolution of these perspectives over time and their impact on individuals’ attitudes toward and perceptions of mortality.
Death holds significant cultural and spiritual meaning in Thai society and is deeply rooted in religious and philosophical beliefs. The dominant religion, Theravada Buddhism, heavily influences Thai attitudes toward death (Khamkhong & Yanatharo, 2018). Buddhism teaches that death is a natural part of the human experience and that the cycle of life and rebirth continues indefinitely. Thai people embrace the concept of impermanence and view death as a transformative process rather than an endpoint.
The rituals and practices surrounding death in Thai society reflect the intersection of Buddhism, animistic beliefs, and cultural customs. Funeral ceremonies are meticulously structured and guided by Buddhist teachings and local traditions. These ceremonies aim to ensure a peaceful transition for the deceased and provide solace and support to the bereaved. They often involve elaborate rituals, chanting, merit-making activities, and the construction of intricate funeral pyres. The blending of Buddhist teachings with animistic beliefs and cultural customs has created a unique and multifaceted approach to mortality in Thai society.
Over time, cultural perspectives on death in Thai society have evolved in response to various influences, including modernization, urbanization, and globalization. The impact of these factors has been particularly pronounced in urban areas, where Western influences and changing social dynamics have shaped death-related attitudes and practices. Modern healthcare advancements and increased access to medical services have altered Thai experiences of death. Longer life expectancies, improved health outcomes, and changing family structures have contributed to the distancing of death from daily life. Consequently, death has become a topic that is sometimes overlooked or avoided, and individuals may not have the same level of familiarity with the rituals and practices associated with death that previous generations enjoyed.
Globalization has also influenced the cultural perspectives on death in Thai society. The exposure to different cultural norms and beliefs through the media, travel, and migration has broadened individual perspectives and introduced alternative approaches to death and mourning. Some individuals may adopt elements from other cultures, seek alternative funeral practices that resonate with their personal beliefs, or align themselves with global trends.
Nevertheless, cultural perspectives on death in Thai society remain deeply rooted in traditional values and beliefs. The importance of community support, filial piety, and ancestral veneration continues to shape attitudes toward death and the rituals performed to honor the deceased. This understanding fosters empathy, respect, and the appreciation of the diverse ways in which individuals navigate the universal experience of death. It also provides a foundation for dialogue and mutual understanding within multicultural societies comprising diverse ethnic groups.
Figure 5. Ancient kala face on a Javanese cemetery gate - memento mori (Sirinkraporn, 2023a)
Figure 6. Thai necklaces with Buddha symbol (Sirinkraporn, 2017)
Impact of globalization on death perception and memento mori jewelry in Thai society
Globalization and cultural exchanges have significantly influenced the perceptions and practices related to death and memento mori jewelry in Thai society. This section explores the impact of globalization on cultural beliefs and rituals in Thailand and the expression of mortality through adornment. It also examines the potential tensions or conflicts that arise when traditional cultural practices intersect with globalized influences and how individuals navigate these complexities.
Consequently, traditional cultural practices related to death and memento mori jewelry have come into contact with new ideas, values, and aesthetic trends. The intersection of traditional and global influences has enriched and challenged the perceptions and expressions of mortality in Thai society.
The aspects of memento mori jewelry affected by globalization include the diversity of materials, techniques, and design approaches in memento mori jewelry. The availability of global markets and access to a wide range of materials have expanded creative possibilities for artisans and designers. Contemporary memento mori jewelry in Thailand may incorporate unconventional materials such as industrial metals or synthetic gems, which reflect global design trends and the desire for innovation.
Globalization has also facilitated the exchange of ideas and cultural practices related to death. Thai society has been exposed to diverse perspectives on mortality through the international media, literature, and travel. This exposure has prompted individuals to reevaluate and reinterpret their own cultural beliefs and rituals regarding death. Some choose to integrate global influence into their funeral ceremonies or commemorative practices by blending traditional customs with contemporary elements.
However, the globalization of memento mori jewelry and death practices can also create tension and conflict. Traditionalists may perceive the adoption of globalized influences to be a dilution of cultural authenticity or a threat to conventional values. This clash between global and traditional perspectives is particularly pronounced in cases where globalization promotes consumerism and commercialization, thus potentially overshadowing the intrinsic meaning and symbolism of memento mori jewelry.
Individuals in Thai society navigate these complexities by engaging in negotiations and adaptation. They may selectively adopt global influences that resonate with their personal beliefs and values while preserving the core elements of their cultural heritage. This adaptive approach allows for the preservation of cultural identity while acknowledging the dynamic nature of cultural expression in a globalized world.
Psychological and spiritual dimensions of wearing memento mori jewelry
Wearing memento mori jewelry holds psychological and spiritual significance for individuals and serves as a reminder of life’s impermanence and the importance of embracing the present moment. This section investigates the psychological and spiritual dimensions of engaging in memento mori jewelry, and explores its potential therapeutic and introspective aspects.
The physical presence of these adornments serves as a reminder to live authentically, to value meaningful experiences, and to reflect on one’s purpose and priorities. By acknowledging the inevitability of death, individuals are motivated to seize the present moment and cultivate a sense of gratitude for the time they have on earth.
From a psychological perspective, wearing memento mori jewelry promotes mindfulness and introspection. The act of adorning oneself with reminders of mortality encourages individuals to engage in self-reflection and contemplate their values, aspirations, and relationships. This introspective process can lead to personal growth, increased self-awareness, and a deeper appreciation of the interconnectedness of all beings.
Moreover, memento mori jewelry can provide therapeutic benefits by affording a channel for expression and catharsis. For individuals who grapple with grief or loss, wearing these adornments can serve as a form of remembrance of and connection with their loved ones. The symbolism inherent in memento mori jewelry allows individuals to externalize their emotions and find solace in acknowledging the impermanence of life.
At the spiritual level, memento mori jewelry can evoke the contemplation of existential questions and the nature of the soul. It can prompt individuals to explore their beliefs about the afterlife, the meaning of their existence, and their connection to the divine. With such adornments, individuals may seek solace in recognition of a larger cosmic order and the transcendence of physical limitations. Thus, the psychological and spiritual dimensions of memento mori jewelry make it a potent tool for personal reflection, growth, and healing.
Design and aesthetics of memento mori jewelry
The design principles and aesthetics associated with memento mori jewelry play a crucial role in the expression of cultural heritage and mortality. This section discusses how elements such as symbolism, materials, craftsmanship, and storytelling are employed to create meaningful and visually engaging pieces. It also analyzes the use of different design techniques and artistic approaches in memento mori jewelry.
Symbolism is the cornerstone of memento mori jewelry design; it conveys deeper meanings related to mortality and the impermanence of life. Symbols such as skulls, hourglasses, serpents, and flowers have specific connotations that resonate with cultural beliefs and metaphysical concepts. These symbols are carefully integrated into the design and serve as reminders of the transient nature of existence and the need to live one’s life to the fullest.
The materials chosen for memento mori jewelry are often rich in symbolic and cultural significance. Precious metals such as gold and silver are commonly used for their association with eternity and value. Gemstones, including diamonds, rubies, and onyxes, are selected for their visual impact and the symbolic representation of various aspects of life and death. The choice of materials reflects the cultural context and the desired emotional response of the wearer (Cincinnati Art Museum, n.d.).
Craftsmanship plays a pivotal role in the creation of memento mori jewelry, embodying the artisan’s skill and dedication to preserving traditional techniques. Intricate metalwork, carving, engraving, and gem-setting techniques are employed to bring designs to life. The meticulous attention to detail ensures that each piece is a work of art that captures the essence of mortality and cultural heritage.
Storytelling is an essential aspect of memento mori jewelry design as it allows for the expression of narratives and personal meanings. Through design elements and composition, a piece of jewelry can convey a story or evoke emotions related to mortality, remembrance, and the celebration of life. Narrative elements may be incorporated through engravings, hidden symbols, and the arrangement of motifs, thus creating a layered and immersive experience for the wearer.
Artistic approaches to memento mori jewelry vary and reflect the diverse perspectives and creative visions of the artists and designers (Crowley, 1990). Some choose to embrace traditional aesthetics and adhere closely to historical styles and techniques. Others adopt contemporary approaches that incorporate innovative materials, unconventional forms, and experimental design principles. These artistic choices enable the reinterpretation and revitalization of memento mori jewelry, ensure its relevance within contemporary contexts, and uphold its cultural roots.
The design principles and aesthetics employed in memento mori jewelry highlight the craftsmanship, cultural symbolism, and storytelling potential of these adornments. They contribute to the preservation and revitalization of cultural heritage; furthermore, they provide individuals with visually captivating pieces that encourage contemplation and reflection on life's fleeting nature.
Figure 7. A brooch jewellery "Anicca: Adorning Impermanence" (The cicada moult and its gold setting) aims to convey the truth of impermanence, which is what is ultimately real. (Sirinkraporn, 2012)
Figure 8. The "capsule" brooch jewellery, resembling a medicine, symbolizes preserving life for survival while acknowledging that nothing can stop death. (Sirinkraporn, 2021)
Contemporary interpretations of memento mori jewelry: exploring traditional themes in a modern context
Memento mori jewelry has experienced a resurgence in contemporary times as artists and designers reimagine and reinterpret traditional themes. This section delves into the methods by which memento mori jewelry has been reimagined in the modern era and discusses the incorporation of new materials, techniques, and conceptual approaches. Using specific examples of contemporary memento mori jewelry, this section illustrates how artists navigate the delicate balance between cultural heritage and modern-day demands.
Contemporary artists and designers have drawn inspiration from the rich history of memento mori jewelry, and infused it with a unique artistic vision and contemporary sensibility. Traditional symbols such as skulls, hourglasses, and vanitas motifs are reinterpreted through innovative design techniques and the use of unconventional materials. These reinterpretations breathe new life into themes of mortality and transience, thus offering fresh perspectives on age-old concepts.
An instance of a contemporary interpretation of memento mori jewelry is found in the creations of artist and jeweler Caitlin McCormack. McCormack employs the ancient technique of crocheting delicate skeletal forms using threads and glue. Her intricate creations capture the fragility of life and explore the tensions between beauty and decay (McCormack, 2017). Through her work, she prompts viewers to reflect on their mortality and appreciate the ephemeral nature of their existence.
Another notable example is the jewelry crafted by artist Julia deVille, whose pieces combine taxidermy, precious metals, and gemstones to create macabre yet captivating designs. deVille’s jewelry incorporates preserved animal remains such as bird wings or small animal skeletons in a way that challenges the societal taboos surrounding death (Jean-Baptisté et al., n.d.). Her unconventional approach to memento mori themes has sparked conversations about the interconnectedness of life and death and the cycle of existence.
Contemporary memento mori jewelry also explores new conceptual approaches. Artists and designers delve into the philosophical and psychological dimensions of the human experience of mortality and the quest for meaning. They address existential questions through their creations and invite wearers and viewers to contemplate their place in the world.
By incorporating contemporary materials and techniques such as 3D printing, laser cutting, and mixed media, these artists push the boundaries of memento mori jewelry. They experiment with unconventional materials such as acrylics, plastics, and recycled objects, which add layers of meaning and challenge traditional notions of precision. These contemporary interpretations of memento mori jewelry embody the spirit of artistic exploration and cultural adaptation while honoring the roots and symbolism of the traditional genre.
Conclusion: the contemporary relevance and social impact of memento mori jewelry
Memento mori jewelry holds contemporary significance not only within Thai society but also on a broader scale and adds to discourses on mortality, spirituality, and cultural identity. This section examines how these adornments address the jewelry’s contemporary context and explores its potential social impact, stimulating dialogue and contemplation about life’s purpose and fostering empathy and compassion.
In a rapidly changing world, memento mori jewelry serves as a poignant reminder of life’s impermanence and the need for introspection and search for meaning. It prompts individuals to reflect on their values, priorities, and the imprints that they wish to leave behind. By interacting with memento mori jewelry, individuals are encouraged to live purposefully, embrace the present moment, and cultivate a sense of interconnectedness with others and with the natural world.
Memento mori jewelry contributes to ongoing conversations about mortality and spirituality, challenges societal taboos surrounding death, and invites open dialogue. By wearing these adornments, individuals signal their willingness to engage in discussions about life’s ultimate transition, thus prompting others to reflect on their mortality and values. This collective contemplation can lead to a deeper appreciation of life, greater sense of empathy, and shared understanding of human experiences.
Memento mori jewelry has the potential to foster cultural identity and preserve traditional practices in a rapidly globalizing world. By incorporating elements of cultural heritage and symbolism into contemporary design, these adornments provide individuals with tangible connections to their ancestral roots. They serve as personal statements of cultural pride and as a means of preserving and revitalizing traditional craftsmanship techniques.
The social impact of memento mori jewelry transcends the boundaries of individual wearers. In communal settings such as art exhibitions, cultural events, or commemorative ceremonies, these adornments create opportunities for collective reflection and shared experiences. They become catalysts for dialogue and encourage individuals to explore their beliefs, emotions, and values surrounding mortality and the purpose of life. By fostering these conversations, memento mori jewelry promotes empathy, compassion, and a sense of interconnectedness within the community.
Overall, memento mori jewelry has contemporary relevance because it addresses the existential questions and spiritual yearnings of individuals in a rapidly changing world. This contributes to social and cultural conversations while fostering dialogue, reflection, and understanding. Through its potential to evoke empathy, promote mindfulness, and encourage cultural preservation, memento mori jewelry serves as a powerful tool for personal growth, social cohesion, and the exploration of the human condition.
Figure 9. Memento Mori Necklace crafted from fine silver and 'Sandalwood,' an ancient wood with a highly fragrant aroma, is used in funeral ceremonies due to its meanings associated with spiritual purification and letting go. Cremation with sandalwood reflects the belief in liberation from suffering before the spirit embarks on a journey to a realm of rebirth. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 10. Memento Mori Necklace crafted from gold and 'Sandalwood,' an ancient wood with a highly fragrant aroma, is used in funeral ceremonies due to its meanings associated with spiritual purification and letting go. Cremation with sandalwood reflects the belief in liberation from suffering before the spirit embarks on a journey to a realm of rebirth. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 11. Memento Mori Pendant crafted from gold and 'Sandalwood,' an ancient wood with a highly fragrant aroma, is used in funeral ceremonies due to its meanings associated with spiritual purification and letting go. Cremation with sandalwood reflects the belief in liberation from suffering before the spirit embarks on a journey to a realm of rebirth. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 12. Memento Mori Brooch, crafted from silver and plated with black rhodium and 'Sandalwood,' an ancient wood with a highly fragrant aroma, is used in funeral ceremonies due to its meanings associated with spiritual purification and letting go. Cremation with sandalwood reflects the belief in liberation from suffering before the spirit embarks on a journey to a realm of rebirth. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 13. Memento Mori Brooch crafted from fine silver, incorporating cremation ashes through an extrusion process. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 14. Memento Mori Brooch crafted from fine silver, incorporating cremation ashes through an extrusion process. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Figure 15. Memento Mori Brooch crafted from fine silver and transparent glass, incorporating cremation ashes through an extrusion process. (Sirinkraporn, 2024)
Ethics Statement
No ethical approval was required for this research as it did not involve human subjects, animal experiments, or other ethical considerations. This study strictly adhered to ethical standards and guidelines relevant to the field.
The author successfully completed the online training program “Guidelines for Good Clinical Research Practice” (ICH-GCP:E6(R2)),” conducted by the Committee on Human Research Ethics at the Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand. This training certification is valid from July 31, 2023 to July 31, 2025.
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